As in the case of videos, the integration of audio files into a publication might be of considerable interest for practitioners in several medical fields.
Quarantine this entry
For instance, documenting phenotypic variations in genetic disorders, such as in different variants of cri du chat syndrome [ 8 ], provides an example for the application of this technique. Readers not familiar with the use of PDF-embedded multimedia content will find a brief explanation towards the end of this article. The opportunities offered by embedding multimedia files have a number of foreseeable implications for publications that communicate medical data.
From a scientific point of view, the greatest asset is presumably that the transparency of the presented data can be expected to increase, while the need for explanatory supplemental material will largely become obsolete. In recognising these opportunities, the Journal of Neuroscience has recently decided to ban supplemental material altogether [ 9 ]. Instead, authors are encouraged to 'publish articles with embedded movies or three-dimensional models, both online and in downloadable PDFs'.
PDF files with embedded multimedia content are available as a single download and may be viewed online as well as offline at the reader's discretion.
As stressed by the editor of the Journal of Neuroscience , this new policy 'eliminates the only essential role of supplemental material' and is meant to strengthen the desirable concept of an article as 'a complete, self-contained scientific report' [ 9 ]. We regard it also as important to point out that articles with embedded information are more likely to be written such that their multimedia content will be referred to as an integral part of the text see, for example, [ 2 — 7 ].
Clearly, the implementation of such a reader-friendly approach to disseminating multimedia content will aid the transition from paper-based to pure electronic publishing. Having already stressed that publishers should adjust to publications with integrated multimedia content [ 10 ], we are confident that the acceptance of this novel format will be growing, as authors and publishing houses alike begin to realise its potential see [ 5 ] for a number of examples.
In our eyes, the universal acceptance of the PDF for the publication of scientific data guarantees a considerable life expectancy of this file format. We are confident that future software developments will take the existence of millions of PDF-based publications into account, providing future generations with the necessary backwards software compatibility.
Obviously, the form of communicating scientific results proposed by us is especially suited for electronic publishing, and in particular for those journals with an open access policy. In line with the entire philosophy behind the latter, all embedded multimedia content will become freely accessible over the web, resulting in the widespread dissemination of medical data such as those depicted here. In this scenario, limitations imposed by file size will no longer be an issue, since scientists can send each other a direct link to the article download site without the need to send individual papers by email.
The examples that we provide suggest that multiple medical disciplines will profit from the adoption of PDF-integrated 3D models or audiovisual content. However, a PDF-based scientific article must still be seen as a means to communicate scientific results in a reprocessed form, as opposed to the deposition of raw data in a database that permits a more comprehensive exploitation of this information, but requires also an advanced knowledge of computation or visualisation software tools [ 11 ]. We would specifically like to point out the many opportunities that PDF embedding of multimedia files offers for the teaching of students.
This pertains both to electronic textbooks as well as to lectures and seminars. In the case of interactive 3D imagery, the possibility to emphasise particular structures by labelling or colour coding is certainly an important feature Additional file 2. In addition, a 3D model can be approached in two ways, either interactively the user is always free to manipulate the object or via a 'tour' the author predetermines certain particularly instructive views of the object.
- mobile phone Spy Software download any Android phone!
- Read for from Employees Phone;
- Spy on Your Boyfriends Snapchat Photo and Video Messages Online from Android Phone Without Notifying.
- Spy Someones Facebook Chat history Easily.
- Effectively incorporating selected multimedia content into medical publications.
- Best Ways to Scan Messages Online.
The model tree in Additional file 2 provides an example for such a 'tour'. In addition to publications, PDF-embedded multimedia content is particularly well suited for presentations such as university teaching or conference talks. The current popularity of the PDF file format indicates that the option to embed multimedia content will persist for a considerable period. Clearly, the approach outlined in this article is relatively simple, but can greatly enhance the comprehension of medical publications, in particular those appearing in journals with purely electronic dissemination pathways. We expect that interdisciplinary research will also be facilitated by providing a universal platform for the exchange of scientific data and didactic material.
Multimedia Traffic
However, precisely how technical developments in computation, visualisation, and archiving will influence medical publishing, both in offline and, increasingly, in online formats, is more difficult to foresee. For example, the recent advent of handheld devices that provide constant access to the internet as well as the availability of enhanced scientific publications [ 12 , 13 ] could significantly affect the way in which published medical data are apprehended in the future.
In the Adobe Acrobat software, multimedia files can be converted into a PDF using the 'multimedia tool' buttons.
Using the 'selection' tool, PDF-embedded multimedia content can be extracted and copied into another PDF using conventional copy and paste keyboard combinations. The sizes of the individual multimedia files embedded into this article are 3. Viewing of PDF-embedded multimedia content requires the use of the freely available Adobe Reader version 9 or onwards on Windows, Macintosh, or Linux systems.
With regard to embedded 3D models, their performance depends largely on the properties of the reader's computer system, in particular its graphics card capability and a sufficient availability of RAM. In order to interactively manipulate the embedded 3D elements zoom, drag, toggle, and so on , it is necessary to use the mouse button s.
Multimedia Security Technologies for Digital Rights Management | ScienceDirect
The toolbar present in the top-left corner of the multimedia window that is seen after activation of the embedded 3D model can be employed to change background colour as well as lighting. A model tree can be activated by 'left clicking' onto the respective icon to the right of the 'Views' drop-down menu. This model tree permits an access to individual substructures of the model and to switch their visibility as well as the transparency on or off.
A 'tour' can be activated by clicking on the green arrows in the centre of the opened model tree menu. The interactive multimedia session can be terminated by 'right clicking' anywhere on the model and choosing 'Disable 3D'. A comprehensive description on how to create PDF-embedded 3D models can be found in [ 5 , 6 ], whereas [ 14 ] provides a more detailed explanation on how to manipulate interactive imagery.
Nat Cell Biol. J Phys Chem B. Trends Immunol. Trends Biochem Sci. Microsc Res Tech. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Ziegler A, Faber C, Mueller S, Bartolomaeus T: Systematic comparison and reconstruction of sea urchin Echinoidea internal anatomy: a novel approach using magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Biol.
Chapter 1. What Is Project-Based Multimedia Learning?
Am J Hum Genet. Maunsell J: Announcement regarding supplemental material. J Neurosci. CAS Google Scholar. Biol Direct. J Web Sem. Article Google Scholar. Tyzack JK: Dragging and zooming and rotating publication of 3D molecular structures into the 21st century. Smith SM: Fast robust automated brain extraction. Hum Brain Map. Download references. Written consent for publication was obtained from all patients and volunteers. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Alexander Ziegler. AlZ and AnZ designed the study.
CF performed brain MRI. WvH carried out the ultrasound investigation. CS carried out audio and video recording. MS performed face scanning and PDF embedding. AlZ, DM, and AnZ prepared a first draft of the manuscript and all authors contributed to its writing and approved the final version. Additional file This system measures the 3D shape of an object in less than a second using projected light patterns and a set of cameras. Applications of this methodology may include, for example, before and after surgery comparisons and the documentation of dermatological or orthopaedic patient characteristics.
Scanning was performed on a healthy male volunteer.
Keywords/Phrases
Activation of the embedded multimedia content requires the use of a PDF reader compatible with version 1. Outlines the technological problems which make it hard to deliver high quality video over the internet, e. Describes how digital video, audio presentations and animations can be streamed to a computer and the ways in which various US sectors are actually using streaming media at the moment.
- Cell Phone Tracker App Free Version!
- App to Find Cell Phone Location Verizon;
- The Best New Monitoring App to Track Cell Phone location.
- Top Best New Monitoring Software to Spy on stolen mobile phone.
- Accessible multimedia.
- External Content Access — Acrobat Application Security Guide!
Anaam Hashmi, M. Report bugs here. Please share your general feedback. You can join in the discussion by joining the community or logging in here. You can also find out more about Emerald Engage. Visit emeraldpublishing.